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1

The central Asian economies of water-energy security: The future role of hydro and fuel-based systems

Aktymbayeva A., Orazgaliyeva A., Omarova A., Tulaganov A., Akhmetova A., Tyurina Y., Troyanskaya M.

2021

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

This article provides an overview of the energy potential of Central Asian economies and in particular, the power sector of Tajikistan, with a special emphasis on the potential usage of coal since water availability for hydropower in the region depends on seasons and is already affected by climate change. With these restrictions, coal arises as to the economic alternative and coal-fired plants are considered in the country as a tool for development and new coal-fired plants are under construction and development of new coalmines is also proposed. The objective of this article is to achieve profitable capital investment in a 250 MW coal-fired thermal power plant situated in east part of Tajikistan. In this context, the article applies a mathematical model to estimate the quantitative advantages of coal alternatives. The cost analysis of the plant was carried out on the basis of total capital investment, operating cost (i.e. coal feedstock, maintenance and labour, and cost of pumping power) and revenue. Furthermore, the article discusses the main concerns of the government of Tajikistan in sustaining its economic development, and finally, describes the future role that hydro-coal power will play in this development.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097021214&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

2

Energy security and sustainability in eurasian economic union in the terms of economic growth: The case of Kazakhstan’s energy sector up to 2040 perspectives

Movkebayeva G., Aktymbayeva A., Tyurina Y., Baikadamov N., Beketova K., Troyanskaya M., Smagulova S., Imangaliyeva A.

2020

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

The economy of Kazakhstan is the first economy in Central Asia and the second among Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries after Russia. On rates of hydrocarbon raw materials extraction Kazakhstan is included into first ten countries of the world. Kazakhstani economy is based on heavy industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and oil and gas. And it allows Kazakhstan is being on the road of economic growth. With economic growth, the energy production and consumption are also increasing rapidly, resulting first of all, on harmful carbon emissions. Thus, the purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative assessment in the energy sector development and to submit forecast of its demand and its environmental impact in terms of Kazakhstani economic growth up to 2040. First scenario (base case) assumes conventional development pattern together with neither significant changes in the patterns of energy supply and demand nor extensively changed policies and measures. The second one (Mitigation) assumes a technological improvement, regulation and industrial development policies and additional policies which have been designed to promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions across the economy. The simulations are applied until the year 2040, while 2015 is set as the base year. The findings suggest in both scenarios Kazakhstan will continue to pursue its economic development driving energy demand and carbon emissions will also raise. However, under Mitigation Scenario, emission intensity will be lower insignificantly.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078365741&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

3

Towards a low-carbon economic sustainable development: Scenarios and policies for Kazakhstan

Saimova S., Makenova G., Skakova A., Moldagaliyeva A., Beisembinova A., Berdiyarova Z., Imanbekova B.

2020

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

This paper analyses analysis current and future dependence of agriculture, industry, oil and gas sector on water supply in Kazakhstan under varying socioeconomic and climate change scenarios. To conduct the scenarios analysis, a multiple linear model was used; the model has been widely used to examine complex water systems in the water resource planning sector all around the world. The paper results show that by 2050 total water demand under normal weather conditions could increase from 20188.62 m3 in 2015 to 23010.18 m3 under sustainable use scenario, to 26794.85 m3 under current trends (CT) baseline scenario, and up to 30220.46 m3 under the more resource intensive scenario, however, the future water demand may be affected by environmental changes. The largest change (relative to the CT scenario) in total demand of 32413.18 m3 would result from the combined effect of the temperature increase and decrease in precipitation. More than 55% of this change would be in agriculture sector. Through exploring water scenarios, this paper could assist Kazakhstani resource managers and policymakers in designing more effective eco-environment management plans and strategies in the face of climate change.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089583768&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

4

Tourism management in border destinations: Regional aspects of sustainable development of protected natural areas

Dunets A.N., Gerasymchuk N.A., Kurikov V.M., Noeva E.E., Kuznetsova M.Y., Shichiyakh R.A.

2020

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Mountain regions are natural boundaries and, in most cases, they are characterized by a fragmentation of ethnic composition and are places of contact between countries. Currently, national parks and reserves have been created in the border mountain areas. Touching within the state border, they require special attention for their sustainable development. In Central Asia, one of these regions is the Altai. In these areas, some specially protected natural territories were created as part of the World Heritage reserve, to preserve the nature, culture, traditions, and archeology of the four states. Studies of this area have revealed possible options for the development of cross-border tourism. This requires a coordinated policy on tourism management in cross-border destinations and the development of cross-border tourism. The results of the study made it possible to carry out functional zoning of the cross-border territory, develop a network of tourist routes and make recommendations on the creation of border crossings, as well as on the development of tourist infrastructure. © 2020 by author(s) and VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089116363&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

5

Health tourism in low mountains: A case study

Dunets A.N., Yankovskaya V.V., Plisova A.B., Mikhailova M.V., Vakhrushev I.B., Aleshko R.A.

2020

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Health tourism is a specific type of tourism with great prospects. Most people do not have time for long trips, but there is a great need for a change of scenery and restoration of strength. There are many examples when in the regions in order to improve health and relaxation, nearby areas are being developed. It is most promising to create programs for such tourism near existing resorts that have the necessary infrastructure and medical facilities, while individual client requests must be taken into account. It is proposed to research health tourism as a territorial tourist complex, which includes not only specialized infrastructure but also territories adjacent to resorts. It is noted that low-mountain areas have the most suitable spaces for tourism development. By the example of the Belokurikha resort, the goals of visiting and tourist satisfaction are identified, as well as the possibilities of developing health tourism. A model for designing individual programs for health tourism is proposed. © 2020 by author(s) and VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082428480&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

6

Exploring the social interest in agritourism among the urban population of Kazakhstan

Shaken A., Mika M., Plokhikh R.V.

2020

Miscellanea Geographica

The article examines the issues surrounding tourist activity and social interest in agritourism among residents of the main cities in Kazakhstan. Based on the survey results among a group of n = 577 respondents, the article inspected the extent of their participation in rural tourism, including agritourism, as well as their preferences and expectations regarding the type and extent of services offered on tourist farms. Research results show that the interest of city residents in using agritourism farm services is limited despite of a generally positive attitude towards rural tourism. Potential tourists' expectations of agritourism farm services focus primarily on the quality of accommodations and the sanitary conditions present in the facilities providing them. Domestic tourists especially expect to be able to take advantage of natural products with medicinal and cosmetic properties. They view active forms of leisure as a mere supplement. The respondents' opinions and assessments can determine the ways agritourism farms adapt to this clientele as well as impact organisational decisions and strategic planning of rural tourism in the country.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076157139&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

7

Trends in socioeconomic health inequalities in Kazakhstan: National household surveys analysis

Spankulova L., Karatayev M., Clarke M.L.

2020

Communist and Post-Communist Studies

According to the relative income hypothesis, the health status of a population is determined by its horizontal social and financial conditions, both mutually interrelated factors. As a former republic of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan is a particularly interesting case in which to explore the impact of health-related inequalities due to economic, sociodemographic, and institutional changes experienced as the country transitioned to independent status. The goal of this article is to examine the degree to which commonly-used socioeconomic determinants (education, income, living conditions, marital status, occupation) are associated with health inequalities in Kazakhstan. We found significant differences in the health status characteristics among the population. Poor health was found to be significantly associated with living conditions and income level. This article will assist policy makers in developing and improving existing social and health policies to address the apparent lack of health-related equity in Kazakhstan.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089569622&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

8

The impact of innovation, knowledge spillovers and oil prices on economic growth of the regions of Kazakhstan

Mukhamediyev B., Spankulova L.

2020

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

The study of impact of innovation and diffusion of knowledge for economic growth of European regions and other developed countries is increasingly attracting attention of scientists. Along with this, there are many studies for impact of world economic growth of oil prices. At the same time, there is an insufficient attention to joint assessment and comparative analysis of effectiveness of these internal and external growth factors. Moreover, this important issue has been studying a little in relation to countries with economies in transition. This paper is devoted to the study of the impact of innovation and the knowledge spillover in combination with an assessment of the impact of fluctuations in the world oil price on economic growth of regions of Kazakhstan. Catching-up development models are constructed according to annual data from 2005 to 2016 for 16 regions of Kazakhstan. Calculations based on the panel data with fixed effects have confirmed that costs of technological innovations, their spillovers between regions, healthcare costs, as well as the growth rate of the world oil price positively influenced for economic growth in regions. Moreover, socio-economic conditions reinforced their positive impact on growth. It has been established that changes in the world oil price and costs of technological innovations and their spillovers between regions are effects at the same order, whereas impact of health care costs and socio-economic conditions on regional growth is noticeably weaker. The results of the study confirm that for innovation activity is essential for the economic growth of the oil exporting country as well.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085115527&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

9

Agriculture sector and agribusiness entrepreneurship potential in kazakhstan: A swot-tows analysis

Tatikova A., Baitilenova Y., Narenova A., Kaldygozova M., Kazhieva Z., Dzhaambayeva B., Aktymbayeva A.

2019

Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics

Agribusiness entrepreneurship has significant role in the economy to foster rural development in the country. Kazakhstan has strong potential for the development of agribusiness entrepreneurship due to country’s considerable land resources, as Kazakhstan has the world’s 12th largest arable land area, and fifth in the world in terms of pastureland of 182.2 million hectares, but it uses only about 30% of the pastures. The current agribusiness entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan are mainly in the nature of food processing units. They have implication on food security and basic needs of human being. The present article aims at identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for agribusiness entrepreneurship with combining financial and economic aspects in Kazakhstan. The article proposes among others effective and adequate agribusiness entrepreneurship policies such as price stabilization policy and programmes for addressing factors that hinder the growth and development of agribusiness entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091930791&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

10

Review of transportation modes in Kazakhstan region, Central Asia

Bazarbekova M., Assipova Z., Molgazhdarov A., Yessenov M.

2018

Cogent Engineering

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet countries emerged and became independent and began the transition from centrally—planned economy to a market economy. This paper presents a case study of Kazakhstan. This paper aims to review of the transport sector in the Kazakhstan aims to assess the current condition and performance of transport systems and to identify key issues and underlying causes. The paper principally covers development of transportation, condition of current situation, including institutional arrangements, legal and regulatory issues, operation of public transport systems, traffic management, and parking, and less extensively hardware aspects, such as construction of road network. Kazakhstan is located in the heart of Eurasia and plays key role in the logistics between Asia and Europe, in so called “Modern Silk Road”. Statistics, analytical materials and legislative frameworks were translated from the references that are in Kazakh and Russian language into English and it brings value to this manuscript. This paper creates different prospectives for future research of transportation modes and infrastructure in Kazakhstan region and central Asia. The research was undertaken to assist researchers and transportation planners to define and comprehend the basic views of transportation.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045531849&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

11

The impact of the Hungaroring Grand Prix on the Hungarian tourism industry

Dávid L.D., Remenyik B., Molnár C., Baiburiev R., Csobán K.

2018

Event Management

The Formula One race circuit is one of the most popular spectator sports events worldwide. The "speeding circus" was introduced in Hungary in 1986 and regime changes and governmental fluctuations notwithstanding, the event enjoys almost undisputed support among the respective political decision makers. Relying on the latest scholarly results and data provided by Hungaroring Sport Ltd. and the Hotel Association of Hungary, this study aims to explore the reasons why the Hungarian Grand Prix is worth holding on an annual basis.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052225685&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

12

The application of Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) to agricultural adaptation to climate change in Kazakhstan: A critical evaluation

Barrett T., Feola, G., Krylova V., Khusnitdinova M.

2017

Agricultural Systems

Place-based social, cultural, institutional and political dynamics not only influence the innovation capacity of agricultural systems, but also the willingness of relevant actors to be involved in participatory research processes, and the dynamics of their participation. This paper critically discusses the modification and application of one particular participatory approach to agricultural systems analysis (Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems [RAAIS]) to agricultural adaptation in Southeast Kazakhstan. We consider the overall effectiveness of the method as a research tool, practical issues in the implementation of workshops, definition of and selection of participant groups, as well as the questions of participation and empowerment within the workshops themselves. We find that although RAAIS is adaptable to alternative theoretical frameworks, its implementation in different socio-cultural and political contexts may require more consideration than is apparent in previous discussions. In particular, the appropriate training of workshop organisers is of crucial importance to the success of this methodology. These findings will be useful to those adapting participatory research methods to different research topics and contexts more broadly.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002871850&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

13

Adapting Agricultural Water Use to Climate Change in a Post-Soviet Context: Challenges and Opportunities in Southeast Kazakhstan

Barrett T., Feola G., Khusnitdinova M., Krylova V.

2017

Human Ecology

The convergence of climate change and post-Soviet socio-economic and institutional transformations has been underexplored so far, as have the consequences of such convergence on crop agriculture in Central Asia. This paper provides a place-based analysis of constraints and opportunities for adaptation to climate change, with a specific focus on water use, in two districts in southeast Kazakhstan. Data were collected by 2 multi-stakeholder participatory workshops, 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and secondary statistical data. The present-day agricultural system is characterised by enduring Soviet-era management structures, but without state inputs that previously sustained agricultural productivity. Low margins of profitability on many privatised farms mean that attempts to implement integrated water management have produced water users associations unable to maintain and upgrade a deteriorating irrigation infrastructure. Although actors engage in tactical adaptation measures, necessary structural adaptation of the irrigation system remains difficult without significant public or private investments. Market-based water management models have been translated ambiguously to this region, which fails to encourage efficient water use and hinders adaptation to water stress. In addition, a mutual interdependence of informal networks and formal institutions characterises both state governance and everyday life in Kazakhstan. Such interdependence simultaneously facilitates operational and tactical adaptation, but hinders structural adaptation, as informal networks exist as a parallel system that achieves substantive outcomes while perpetuating the inertia and incapacity of the state bureaucracy. This article has relevance for critical understanding of integrated water management in practice and adaptation to climate change in post-Soviet institutional settings more broadly.

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032693520&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f