Project's IRN: AP09259811

Priority: Research in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities

Sub-priority: Fundamental, applied, interdisciplinary research in the field of social sciences: Current problems of social modernization: demography, migration, quality of human resources, quality of life and social inequality, problems of employment and unemployment, scientific organization, rationing and labor safety

Implementation period: 2021-2023 (36 months)

Customer: State Institution “Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan”

Research advisor: Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor L.S. Spankulova

• Relevance and idea of the project:

The current demographic situation is fraught with problems. The main ones are low birth rates, aging of the population, a large gap in the average life expectancy of the population, and a high level of divorce. Each of these indicators worsens the health indicators of the population. Currently, during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a deterioration in public health is inevitable in the country.

The Kazakhstani health care system provides access to free medical care for the population. However, the low level of health of citizens and low efficiency in the use of health care resources require the introduction of new methods of payment for medical care: voluntary medical insurance on terms of co-financing.

Willingness to pay is a very important factor in assessing the acceptability of a new strategy in practice. Despite the growing need to define “willingness to pay”, there is currently no quantitative methodology for determining “willingness to pay”.

In the case when the introduction of new insurance technologies does not require additional costs, but on the contrary reduces costs, it is obvious that this new strategy is cost-effective. But in the case when it is necessary to spend additional funds to achieve benefits from a new strategy, such results are insufficient to identify the acceptability of this technology, since they do not allow assessing the willingness to pay for this technology.

According to the calculations of the World Health Organization, it was found that Kazakhstan is inferior to almost all European countries in terms of the value of "willingness to pay" for new medical technologies. This fact should be taken into account when introducing drug insurance and assessing the financial sustainability of this type of insurance.

Currently, cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis are used for the economic assessment of new technologies. A willingness to pay analysis can be used to assess the willingness of the population to pay for co-operative health insurance. Depending on the country, the “willingness to pay threshold” may differ.

From the point of view of the above-mentioned features of the situation related to the study of public health in Kazakhstan, we consider topical research directions, first of all, those that will allow studying the problems of health insurance at the institutional level in order to develop economic policy measures in this area.

• Project goal:

The goal of this project is to develop a quantitative methodology for identifying population groups willing to support the introduction of drug insurance and financial stability assessment of this type of insurance.

• Expected and achieved results:

– for 2021:

• analysis of the current state of the Kazakhstani market of voluntary medical insurance and compulsory medical insurance;
• development of quantitative tools to identify socio-economic characteristics of groups supporting these reforms and opponents of the reform.

– for 2022:

• conducting an online survey among the community on social networks and other platforms;
• construction of a regression model with sampling by J. Heckman.

– for 2023:

• development of a database for calculations in order to build a panel regression model;
• construction of a panel regression model for assessing the willingness to pay for cooperative health insurance.

• Research team members:

Research advisor

Spankulova, Lazat Seitkaziyevna   Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University   Areas of Expertise: mathematical methods of economic analysis; economics of social sectors; economics, politics and management in health care; economics of innovation; spatial economics; population and development; population and health, etc.   Achievements: – The Best Researcher - 2021 (MES RK); – The Best University Teacher - 2010 (MES RK).

Foreign project consultant

Ariun Ishdorj   Ph.D., Associate Professor, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA   Areas of Expertise: heath economics, applied and Bayesian econometrics, consumer behavior, demand analysis, assistance programs Profile: https://agecon.tamu.edu/faculty-staff/faculty/ishdorj-ariun/  CV: Ariun Ishdorj CV.pdf Author ID Scopus: 25825161500 ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0926-4697  Google Scholar: profile

Publications for 2021-2022:

1. Spankulova L.S., Nuruly Y., Kerimbayev A.R., Aimakhanova A.S. The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on the Willingness of the Population to Maintain and Accumulate Health Capital. Economics: the strategy and practice. 2021;16(3):177-191. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-3-177-191
2. Spankulova L.S., Chulanova Z.K., Kerimbayev A.R. Voluntary health insurance market in Kazakhstan: analysis and development prospects // Modern Management Technology. – 2021. – No. 3 (96). (In Russ.) URL: https://sovman.ru/article/9604/
3. Spankulova L.S., Kerimbayev R.K. Multi-Different Benefit Function and Arrow-Pratt Dimension // News of the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi Kazakh-Turkish International University (Mathematics, physics, computer science series). – 2021. – No. 1(16). – P. 39-42. (In Kaz.) Спанкулова-Туркестан.pdf
4. Kerimbayev R.K. Local nilpotence of polynomial map // News of the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi Kazakh-Turkish International University (Mathematics, physics, computer science series). – 2021. – No. 1(16). – P. 43-45. (In Kaz.) Керимбаев РК-Туркестан.pdf
5. Spankulova L.S., Kerimbayev R.K. Determination of some properties of the utility function on the basis of Arrow-Pratt coefficient: geometric approach // Industrial transport of Kazakhstan. – 2022. – No. 1(74). – P. 35-47. (In Russ.) https://prom-trans.kz/assets/files/zhurnal/174.pdf
6. Kerimbayev R.K., Spankulova L.S. Relationship of the Arrow-Pratt coefficients with the tangent to the utility function // Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. – 2022. – No. 2(84). – P. 175-182. (In Russ.) https://journal.neark.kz/svyaz-koefficzientov-errou-pratta-s-kasatelnoj-k-funkczii-poleznosti/#
7. Spankulova L.S., Chulanova Z.K., Nuruly Y., Issayeva Zh.S. Methodological approaches to assessing the introduction of drug insurance // Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. – 2022. – No. 3(397). – P. 379-396. (In Russ.) https://journals.nauka-nanrk.kz/bulletin-science/article/view/2797

Protected documents for 2021-2022:

1. Certificate of entering information into the state register of rights to objects protected by copyright (type of copyright object: database). No. 18563 dated June 9, 2021. “Unified register of voluntary medical insurance and compulsory medical insurance programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan” / Spankulova L.S., Kerimbayev A.R., Nuruly Ye., Kerimbayev R.K. Certificate.pdf
2. Certificate of entering information into the state register of rights to objects protected by copyright (type of copyright object: composite work) / No. 19039 dated June 28, 2021. “Unified data archive containing the results of a sociological survey on the topic “Development of a quantitative methodology for identifying population groups willing to support the introduction of drug insurance and financial stability assessment of this insurance type in Kazakhstan”” / Spankulova L.S., Kerimbayev A.R., Nuruly Ye., Kerimbayev R.K. Certificate.pdf
3. Certificate of entering information into the state register of rights to objects protected by copyright (type of copyright object: a work of literature) / No. 25112 dated April 14, 2022. “Questionnaire for the study of public opinion on the characteristics of attitudes towards treatment associated with national traditions, taking into account composition, place of residence and socio-economic status of the family” / Spankulova L.S., Nuruly Ye. Certificate.pdf
4. Certificate of entering information into the state register of rights to objects protected by copyright (type of copyright object: composite work) / No. 25328 dated April 21, 2022. “Modeling and forecasts of socio-demographic changes in the quality of life and health of the population in the context of the introduction of digital technologies in Kazakhstan” / Spankulova L.S., Alzhanova F.G., Abilkayyr N.A. Certificate.pdf
5. Certificate of entering information into the state register of rights to objects protected by copyright (type of copyright object: maps related to geography, topography and other sciences) / No. 22849 dated January 14, 2022. “Economic and geographical analysis of the demographic processes development in regions of Kazakhstan” / Spankulova L.S., Kerimbayev A.R., Nuruly Ye. Certificate.pdf

Reports to ISPC for 2021-2022:

1. Spankulova L.S. Socio-economic inequality and public health // Materials of the International scientific and practical conferences “Quality of life: socio-economic priorities and main directions of population welfare growth”. – Almaty: Institute of Economics, SC MES RK, 2021. – P. 31-37. Конф.-ИЭ.pdf
2. Spankulova L.S. Development of a quantitative methodology for identifying population groups willing to support the introduction of drug insurance and financial stability assessment of this insurance type in Kazakhstan // International scientific and practical online conference, as part of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Science and education in the modern world: challenges of the XXI century." – November 12-13, 2021.
3. Spankulova L.S. Institutional innovations in health insurance: conditional assessment of non-market resources on the example of drug provision // Proceedings of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference "Science & Business-2021". – Almaty: Kazakh University, November 17, 2021. – P. 83-89.
4. Spankulova L.S. Statistical modeling of assessment of the Kazakhstani population ability to pay for drug insurance // Modern Problems of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies al-Khwarizmi 2021: Abstracts of the International Scientific Conference (15-17 November, Fergana, Uzbekistan). – Fergana, 2021. – P. 29.
5. Spankulova L.S., Nuruly Ye. Declared preference methods: conditional valuation of non-market resources on the example of health insurance // Materials of IX International Conference on Education and Research in Tourism and Hospitality, November 18-19, 2021, Almaty, Kazakhstan. – Almaty: Kazakh University, 2022. – P. 75-79.
6. Spankulova L.S., Bazarbekova M.M. Features and dynamics of demographic processes in Kazakhstan // Materials of IX International Conference on Education and Research in Tourism and Hospitality, November 18-19, 2021, Almaty, Kazakhstan. – Almaty: Kazakh University, 2022. – P. 103-107.
7. Spankulova L.S. Flows and dissemination of new knowledge in the context of economy and society digitalization // Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference: "Education and Science: Challenges of the IV Industrial Revolution", dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Academician A. Kuatbekov, May 13, 2022. – Vol. I. – Shymkent, 2022. – P. 25-27.
8. Nuruly Ye., Spankulova L.S., Aktymbayeva A.S., Kongyrbay A.R. The role of transport infrastructure in tourism development: The New Silk Road case // Materials of IX International Conference on Education and Research in Tourism and Hospitality, November 18-19, 2021, Almaty, Kazakhstan. – Almaty: Kazakh University, 2022. – P. 84-91.
9. Spankulova, L., Nurmakhanova, M., & Ishdorj, A. (2022). Socioeconomic status and difference in willingness of population to support the drug insurance programs. The 19^th KIMEP International Research Conference 8-9 April 2022 “30 Years of KIMEP University: Local and Global Impact” – Conference Proceedings, Almaty 2022, pp. 40.